America Does NOT Need to Drill in the Arctic National...

America Does NOT Need to Drill in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge Thesis: If the United States is going to choose to conserve energy responsibly, then our governments energies should not be focused on developing oil in the ANWR, but rather on the topics of conservation through higher fuel efficiency standards in vehicles and by developing alternative energy sources. Conservation, fuel efficiency and alternative energy sources are the solutions that will lead us to a long term and sustainable energy future. I. Introduction The Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) is located in the northeastern part of Alaska and has been the topic of many recent political and environmental debates. Many of these†¦show more content†¦In the 1940s and 1950s, Secretary of the Interior, Fred Seaton, designated 8.9 million acres of coastal plain and mountains of northeast Alaska as a refuge.[iii] The remaining part of the 23 million acres became multiple use land, which included uses such as oil and gas development and exploration. In 1968 the largest oil field in North America was discovered in Prudhoe Bay also in northern Alaska. Reserves of oil were also believed to exist in what is now known as Arctic National Wildlife Refuge. In 1978-79 the House of Representatives passed legislation designating the refuge as wilderness. The Senate however, required studies of wildlife and petroleum resources and potential impacts of development on the wildlife.[iv] In 1980 President Carter signed Alaska National Inter est Lands Conservation Act into law (ANILCA). ANILCA doubled the size of the refuge, making it roughly 20 million acres and named it the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR).[v] The area currently being considered for drilling is also known as the 1002 Area. These 1.5 million acres were not designated as wilderness and were addressed in section 1002 of the ANILCA. Section 1002 discussed the information that Congress would need to obtain before deeming the 1002 area as wilderness.[vi] Inventories of fish, wildlife, and the potential impactsShow MoreRelatedOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesTiffany Ruby Patterson, Zora Neale Hurston and a History of Southern Life Lisa M. Fine, The Story of Reo Joe: Work, Kin, and Community in Autotown, U.S.A. Van Gosse and Richard Moser, eds., The World the Sixties Made: Politics and Culture in Recent America Joanne Meyerowitz, ed., History and September 11th John McMillian and Paul Buhle, eds., The New Left Revisited David M. Scobey, Empire City: The Making and Meaning of the New York City Landscape Gerda Lerner, Fireweed: A Political Autobiography

Lung Cancer Essay Paper Example For Students

Lung Cancer Essay Paper There are two different types of lung cancer, non-small cell lung cancer and small cell lung cancer. It is all depending on the size of what the cells look like under a microscope. Both of these types of lung cancer can grow differently which leads to them both being treated differently. Non-small cell lung cancer is the more common of the two and it usually grows fairly slow. There are three main types of non-small cell lung cancer and they are squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and large cell carcinoma. Small cell cancer is the least common and it grows fairly rapid and it can easily spread to other organs in the body (Cavendish, p.946). Usually cells grow and divide at a specific pace that keeps the body working healthy but sometimes the cells start to divide at an uncontrollably pace. When the cells grow too much they make a tumor. The cells in this tumor are cancer cells and when the cancer cells are in the lungs, they eat away at the lungs, which leads to killing someone. Some people that might get cancer are people who smoke cigarettes, cigars, and pipes, and people who get close to radon, asbestos, and pollution. In most people that cancer, the cancer cells are not found until it is in the later stages. Only 15% of the people that get cancer get it found in the early stages. When someone is found that they have cancer, they have at the most, five years to live. It matters if the cancer cells have gotten to the local lymph nodes or elsewhere. Most people figure out they have cancer by pure accident. They will go in to get an x-ray or CAT scan for something else and figure out they have cancer (http://my.webmd.com). There are many different symptoms for lung cancer. Most of them do something with breathing or something to do with their mouth. Some of the symptoms are; a cough that doesnt go away, chest pain that is sometimes aggravated by deep breathing, hoarse sounding voice, weight loss or loss of appetite, bloody spit, shortness of breathe, fever with no known reason, recurring infections such as bronchitis and pneumonia, and wheezing (http://my.webmd.com). There is a lot of ways for Lung Cancer to be diagnosed. A CT (Computed Tomography) scan will tell the exact size, shape, and position of the tumor. A MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) will help tell where the cancer is going to spread. A PET (Positron Emission Tomography) scan traces a radioactive substance that is found in the cancer cells. During a bone scan a small amount of a radioactive substance is injected into a vein and it builds up where an abnormal area is, sometimes made by cancer. A bronchoscopy is when a patient is sedated and a fiberoptic flexible tube is moved through the mouth into the bronchi tube (the tube that carries air to the lungs) and they can find blockages made by tumors or cancer. Blood tests are also taken to see if cancer cells have spread to the liver or bones. Staging of non-small cell lung cancer is described with the TNM system. T stands for tumor, its size and how far it has spread, N stands for the lymph nodes, and M stands for metastasis, spread to other organs. All of these are combined and a stage is assigned to each group. There are four different stages for the non-small cell lung cancer T stages. Tis is when cancer is found only in the lay of cells lining the air passages and not found anywhere else. T1 is when the cancer is no larger than 3 centimeters. T2 is when the cancer is no larger then 3 centimeters, it involves a main bronchus but is not closer then 2 centimeters to where the trachea branches off into the main bronchi, it has spread to the visceral pleura, the cancer partially clogs the airways but the lung is not collapsed or under pneumonia. T3 is when the cancer has spread to the chest wall, the diaphragm, the mediastinal pleura, or the parietal pericardium, when the cancer involves a main bronchus and is closer then 2 centimeters to where the trachea branches into the main bronchi but doesnt infect the area, and when the cancer grows into the airways and collapses one of the lungs. And T4 is when the cancer has spread to the mediastinum, the heart, the trachea, the esophagus, the backbone, or the point where the windpipe branches into the left or right main bronchi, when two or more separate tumor nodules are present in the same lobe, when there is fluid containing cancer cells in the space surrounding the lung. .ud974a0636204c2dfecab3ba334b80526 , .ud974a0636204c2dfecab3ba334b80526 .postImageUrl , .ud974a0636204c2dfecab3ba334b80526 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud974a0636204c2dfecab3ba334b80526 , .ud974a0636204c2dfecab3ba334b80526:hover , .ud974a0636204c2dfecab3ba334b80526:visited , .ud974a0636204c2dfecab3ba334b80526:active { border:0!important; } .ud974a0636204c2dfecab3ba334b80526 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud974a0636204c2dfecab3ba334b80526 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud974a0636204c2dfecab3ba334b80526:active , .ud974a0636204c2dfecab3ba334b80526:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud974a0636204c2dfecab3ba334b80526 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud974a0636204c2dfecab3ba334b80526 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud974a0636204c2dfecab3ba334b80526 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud974a0636204c2dfecab3ba334b80526 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud974a0636204c2dfecab3ba334b80526:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud974a0636204c2dfecab3ba334b80526 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud974a0636204c2dfecab3ba334b80526 .ud974a0636204c2dfecab3ba334b80526-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud974a0636204c2dfecab3ba334b80526:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: What was Golding's purpose in writing the novel, T EssayThere are four different stages for the non-small cell lung cancer N stages. N0 is when the cancer hasnt spread to the lymph nodes. N1 is when the cancer has spread to the lymph nodes within the lung. N2 is when the cancer has spread to the lymph nodes around the point where the windpipe branches into the left or right bronchi or to the lymph nodes in the mediastinum. N3 is when the cancer has spread to the lymph nodes near the collarbone on either side, to hilar or mediastinal lymph nodes. There are two different stages for the non-small cell lung cancer M stages. M0 is when there is no distant spread. M1 is when there is distant spread, sites considered include other lobes of the lings, lymph nodes further then the ones of mentioned in the N stages, and other organs. The stages are put together with all the information above. Stage 0 is Tis, N0, and M0. Stage IA is T1, N0, and M0. Stage IB is T2, N0, and M0. Stage IB is T2, N0, and M0. Stage IIA is T1, N1, and M0. Stage IIB is T2, N1, M0 and T3, N0, and M0. Stage IIIA is T1, N2, M0 and T2, N2, M0 and T3, N1, M0 and T3, N2, M0. Stage IIIB is Any T, N3, M0 and T4, Any N, M0. Stage IV is Any T, any N, and M1. Staging of the small cell lung cancer is easier because it only uses two stages, and limited stage, and the extensive stage. Limited stage usually means that the cancer is only in one lung and in lymph nodes on the same side of the chest. Extensive stage is when the cancer has spread to the other lung, to the lymph nodes on the other side of the chest, or to distant organs. Small cell lung cancer is split into only two stages because it shows people who have a chance of being cured and people who dont have a chance. There are many different risk factors for lung cancer. A significant amount of them are because of inhaling smoke. Things calls carcinogens in tobacco damage cells in the lungs and over time the cells may become cancerous. The likeliness of getting cancer is affected by the age someone starts smoking and the number of cigarettes smoked each day. Smoking cigarettes, cigars, pipes, or just being around smoke from any of these will cause lung cancer but the more directly that the smoke gets to the lungs increases the chance of getting lung cancer. Asbestos are minerals that float in the air and when they get into someones lungs, they can damage cells and increase the chance for lung cancer. If someone is by pollution of combustion of diesel or other fossil fuels, they have and a low chance of getting lung cancer but it can affect it. The last thing that can greatly cause lung cancer is tuberculosis and other lung diseases. The best way to prevent lung cancer at, the moment is to not smo ke, or stay away from any smoke. Smoking is the greatest cause of lung cancer and has a great chance of killing someone. There are many ways of treating lung cancer, and one of those ways is surgery. Surgery can only be done depending on the stage and type of lung cancer. When surgery is done, the cancer is removed and some of the surrounding lung tissue. This kind of surgery is called a pneumonectomy. Also laser surgery can be done to remove blockages of the lung (htt://www.cancer.org). Chemotherapy is a one of the most popular kinds of treatment. With chemotherapy, the patient is given lots of anticancer drugs. These drugs kill cancer cells but also kill non-cancerous cells. There are a lot of side effects, which include nausea, loss of hair, low blood cell counts, easy bleeding, fatigue, and numbness. .ua064522716fd6c94bd9de7184390d0bb , .ua064522716fd6c94bd9de7184390d0bb .postImageUrl , .ua064522716fd6c94bd9de7184390d0bb .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua064522716fd6c94bd9de7184390d0bb , .ua064522716fd6c94bd9de7184390d0bb:hover , .ua064522716fd6c94bd9de7184390d0bb:visited , .ua064522716fd6c94bd9de7184390d0bb:active { border:0!important; } .ua064522716fd6c94bd9de7184390d0bb .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua064522716fd6c94bd9de7184390d0bb { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua064522716fd6c94bd9de7184390d0bb:active , .ua064522716fd6c94bd9de7184390d0bb:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua064522716fd6c94bd9de7184390d0bb .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua064522716fd6c94bd9de7184390d0bb .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua064522716fd6c94bd9de7184390d0bb .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua064522716fd6c94bd9de7184390d0bb .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua064522716fd6c94bd9de7184390d0bb:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua064522716fd6c94bd9de7184390d0bb .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua064522716fd6c94bd9de7184390d0bb .ua064522716fd6c94bd9de7184390d0bb-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua064522716fd6c94bd9de7184390d0bb:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Road Not Taken EssayThere are two kinds of radiation therapy. One kind is external beam radiation, which delivers radiation to the body from the outside, and it is focused on the cancer. The other kind is brachytherapy, which a small pellet of radioactive material is placed directly into the cancer or an airway near it. I think that lung cancer is very severe. I thought that this report would be very good for me to do because a lot of people are going to know someone with lung cancer and if someone close to me gets lung cancer, then I will know what they are going threw. I may even get lung cancer someday and if I do, then I will know what my possibilities of living and what to do to help myself. I learned a lot while doing this report and I think that lung cancer and all other kind of cancers are a big deal and everything should learn all they can about them. BibliographyEncyclopedia of Family Health, volume 8, Marshall Cavendish, 1998, pp. 974 978Johnston, Lorraine, Lung Cancer: Making Sense of Diagnosis, Treatment, and Options, OReilly ; Associates, 2001National Cancer Institute, What You Need to Know About Lung Cancer, 2000, http://my.webmd.com, May 16, 2001. The World Book Encyclopedia, volume 3, Scott Fetzer, 1998, pp. 167 174Types of Treatment, 2000, http://www.cancer.org, May 16,2001Words/ Pages : 1,653 / 24

ada Essays - Ethnic Groups In Thailand, Myanmar, Republics

Our Country, the Union of Myanmar, is known as the land of golden pagodas. Myanmar is surrounded by big countries like China in the north and India and Bengladish to the west. Thailand and laos lie to the east of Myanmar and the south is the east of Myanmar and the south is the sea. Its area is about 676553 square kilometers, and it is the second largest country in Southeast Asia after Indonesia. Although it is still a developing country, we can say it has good neighbours, great resources and beautiful natural surroundings. And, Myanmar is divided into seven states and seven divisions. There are althogether 135 ethnic groups, like Kachin, Kayar, Kayin, Chin, Bamar, Mon, Rakhine, Shan, Palaung, Paoh and different races like Chinese and Indians, living in unity.

“Divergent” by Veronica Roth Essay Essays

â€Å"Divergent† by Veronica Roth Essay Essays â€Å"Divergent† by Veronica Roth Essay Paper â€Å"Divergent† by Veronica Roth Essay Paper Your determination in life all comes down to you and the way you choose. but merely one pick can transform you. Veronica Roth created a unusual dystopian universe that morally depends on the picks people make in life. because their picks define who they are as people. Her futuristic universe is divided into five cabals that each represents something different ; Abnegation ( the selfless ) . Candor ( the honest ) . Erudite ( the intelligent ) . Amity ( the peaceful ) and Dauntless ( the brave ) . These five cabals were made up to forestall war and convey peace to the universe and when they turn 16 they get the opportunity to take to go forth their household. to reassign into a new cabal or remain with them. but the pick all came down to them. Thesis: In the fresh Divergent Veronica Roth examines how the subject of pick leads to bravery. treachery. and greed. Body Paragraph 1: Topic sentence- First the subject of pick leads to bravery. because of Tris selfish pick to go forth abnegation and travel into dauntless. Point: Tris courage in going a portion of the dauntless is a foil to her ain character. because Tris is a individual of action. who has bravery and is courageous. but Beatrice. is the complete antonym. If Tris neer made the pick to go forth her cabal. she would hold neer learned to be brave adequate to get the better of her frights and bend from the underdog into a hero. Bravery is represented in this book as being selfish and foolish. because the characters of the audacious construct of courage is moving in pathetic life endangering state of affairss to turn out who is most make bolding to take part. However. courage is genuinely presented as Tris goes through induction. Not merely has her pick to reassign into a different cabal show her courage but it besides brought out her interior abnegation and taught her how to be altruistic as good: â€Å"I believe in or dinary Acts of the Apostless of courage. in the bravery that drives one individual to stand up for another. † ( Roth 207 ) Analysis: The significance of this quotation mark is to demo how Tris resembles bravery itself. Tris showed people that courage is non merely about being strong and committing Acts of the Apostless of pitilessness ; it is about standing up for what you believe is right and being the large individual in a state of affairs when no 1 else is. Her pick to be courageous and stand up for other people is what made her the hero in the terminal. Through courage Tris was able to impart other traits in her from other cabals and make a new her. Because of her willingness to be courageous she was able to alter herself and the manner she thought. She was no longer the old Beatrice of abnegation. She turned in to the brave. brave. strong. smart and altruistic Tris of the dauntless. Any obstruction that came in her manner she was able to get the better of it and crush it and because of the 1 pick she made to make up ones mind to be brave. it made all the difference. Point 2: In add-on to the above. Tris is a foil to her ain character because if she had neer joined the dauntless. she would hold neer been able to be on her manner to salvaging the universe: â€Å"I feel like person breathed new air in my lungs. I am non abnegation. I am non audacious. I am Divergent. And I can’t be controlled. ( Roth 442 ) Analysis: The significance of this quotation mark is that it shows how much Tris character changed from when she was in Abnegation to now. Bing a portion of the dauntless gave Tris the strength. the courage. and the finding to acquire out at that place in the thick of it all as the universe is crumpling to stand up for her ain sort. If she neer made the pick to alter cabals. she would hold neer had the opportunity to wholly happen herself and who she genuinely is. do the friends she did. and larn how to confront her frights. Decision: In decision Tris courage and strengthTherefore Victoria Roth shows that through pick leads bravery. because courage isn’t merely something that happens on its ain. It is the pick and the act of courage that merely you can make up ones mind to perpetrate to and play a factor on your life. Body Paragraph: Topic sentence: Second the subject of pick leads to betrayal because ofTris and her brother. Caleb. pick to go forth their household Point:Tris and Caleb’s treachery is an illustration of poignancy. Before Tris and Caleb are chosen to travel up and make up ones mind on whether they will remain with their old cabal or go forth. their parents travel to compliment them: â€Å" My male parent kisses me on the caput and bang Caleb on the shoulder smile. See you shortly. he says. Without a hint of doubt† ( Roth 40-41 ) Analysis: The significance of this quotation mark is that it shows how much injury and treachery they cause their male parent. particularly. at the clip. The one value that is most of import about being a portion of abnegation is non being selfish and to believe about others. In this instance Beatrice and Caleb’s pick to go forth their household behind was non an act of selfishness. because they merely considered themselves and non how their parents would experience. Thinking that his childs would take to come place and remain with him and their female parent. the male parent made a remark about how he would see them shortly before the choosing ceremonial started merely to cognize proceedingss subsequently that neither of his childs is coming home. and one of his childs ( Caleb ) are traveling place with the enemy- the erudite. The one pick they made that they thought would profit them more in life ended up taking to their dishonor and treachery of non merely their household but their e x- cabal. Point 2: Another act of treachery was when one of Tris friends. Al. about killed her out of green-eyed monster. and insecurity. Al was supposed to be person Tris thought she could depend on to maintain her safe. trust. and guarantee her that everything would be â€Å"okay† when the adversary of the narrative and his crew would pick on her ; but in the terminal he betrays her: â€Å"The soap odor is familiar. Lemon grass and sage. The same odor around Al’s bunk. A weight bead in my stomach†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"I suggest you rely on your transportation friends to protect you from now on. † he says â€Å"I idea I was†¦ I feel Al’s custodies against my oral cavity. and a shortness of breath jars my organic structure forward†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"He wanted you to be the little quiet miss from Abnegation†¦ He hurt you because your strength made him experience hebdomad. No other reason† ( Roth 278. 295 ) Analysis: The significance of this quotation mark is that it shows you how one minute you can swear person and the following they can easy do the pick to betray and injury you. Veronica Roth creates poignancy for Tris. because Tris knows that she can no longer swear Al once more even though they were such good friends. Al’s one pick non merely ache Tris but it besides ruined their friendly relationship. and this is one of the ways Veronica Roth shows how your one pick can specify who you are as a individual. Tris’ strength and ability was what caused Al to be covetous and in the terminal his jealousy cost him. Decision:Therefore. Veronica Roth created a sense of treachery through the subject of pick. because it is another manner of her demoing how a specific pick can non merely impact you but the other people around you. Body Paragraph 3:Topic Sentence:The subject of pick leads to war as the leader of the Erudite chooses to get down a war over her ain selfish ground. The cabals were divided into five to forestall war and devastation from happening in the universe ; but because the people of abnegation are divergent she chooses to take away many people physical and mental control to get down a war and take them down: The subject of pick leads to greed because those who have power live in fright of fring it.

Government Business Relations Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Government Business Relations - Research Paper Example Regarding to this, the core purpose of this paper is to evaluate and understand the philosophical underpinning of different perspectives concerning knowledge and theory. As a matter of fact, there are number of paradigms which have been substituted in order to provide reasoning and conducting inquiry for a respective subject of matter. Careful consideration will be given to paradigms of inquiry including positivism, post positivism, critical theory and constructivism. Furthermore, the paper incorporates a framework outlining ontology, epistemology, methodology and methods along with distinction to all the aforementioned paradigms. This is to form a basis for the development of research protocols insisting understanding of the relationship between government and business impacting economic and public policies in Azerbaijan.   Subjective and Objective Perspectives Reality, knowledge and truth have been long debated by those who have tried to discover the meanings and indications with in their environment. It is due to this reason that truth and knowledge have been discussed and interpreted by different schools of thought including subjectivism and objectivism. Herein, it is integral to note that objectivism view truth as a scientific figure which can be revisited and measured. Any statement which has been posed in contradiction to measureable results is considered as false according to objectivism perspective of knowledge and truth (MacDonald, 2009). In order to evaluate the subjectivist view of knowledge and truth, it is imperative to discuss truth in distinction to objectivism. As noted above, objectivism views truth to be measureable which is an inappropriate stance for philosophers and investigators who believe that truth and knowledge is subjective. It has also been marked that anything and everything that has concerns or impact over humans have to be studied through the lens of subjectivism. Meaningfulness to the beliefs has determined knowledge and truth about objects and aspects within environment. Subjectivism suspends the presence of factual information which is measurable. Consequently, any statement which is presented in the form of figure is considered as non-social inquiry for subjectivists (MacDonald, 2009). According to the identified distinctions of subjective and objective perspectives of reality, knowledge, truth and theory, the perspective of current research that is to see the influence of the relationship of government and business on public and economic policy of Azerbaijan is subjective. Its subjective perspective is based on the issue which the thesis is relating to that is the assessment of public and economic policy of Azerbaijan in the context of government and business relationships that requires a combination of reflective and critical thinking. In order to assess the aimed question of inquiry, it is important to acquire a subjective perspective of truth, knowledge, reality and theory (MacDonald, 2009). More a ppropriate reasons and significance of this will be developed in the following headings. Philosophical Orientation The philosophical orientation of the issue of inquiry on the bases of developed ontological and epistemological grounds is found to be identified in the scope of critical theory. Critical theory is the school thought which propose to inquire the society and culture with the perspective of reflective thinking upon it. Critical theory emphasizes to pose critique on society and cultu

Econometrics Speech or Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Econometrics - Speech or Presentation Example On the other hand, democratically elected governments due to the aspect of resource distribution may end up distributing among the various interested parties and fail to invest in road network or may have the need to transfer the burden to future governments. To get the motivation for the study, the author refers mostly to what other writers have said about the subject matter. Literature review forms a good foundation for any scientific paper if it is to acquire the required scientific rigor. Further, citations are a confidence boosting phenomena employed to capture the reader’s attention rather than appearing like a one man show which may not have much influence once the results/findings are made ready. The use of data from authoritative sources like the UN is another technique of motivating the hypothesis for the study. Research done shows that using information from a source which is often seen as an authority is important for any research study. From equation 1, ‘P’ is the share of the paved roads in poor condition, ‘Dem’ is an index of democracy for any country while ‘X’ are the other variables (additional explanatory variables) which may be of affect the road quality in a certain country. The share of the paved roads in poor condition is the dependent variable while democratic index and X are the independent variables. The share of the paved roads in poor condition is determined by how the country is democratically and other variables which include temperatures, growth etc. The coefficient ÃŽ ³ shows the amount of chance anticipated on the share of the paved roads in poor condition once a country’s democratic index increases or decreases by a unit. The coefficient can either be a negative or positive depending on the data. Î’ shows the impact of any other factor holding all the other factors constant. The coefficient of determination, R-squared show the

Marketing Project Essay Example for Free

Marketing Project Essay China with its population of over 1.3 billion and the GDP growth rate of 7.7% is obviously a major player in the global market based on its size and growth potential. In recent years, the consumer food service industry in China has significantly grown, driven by the change in consumption patterns of urban Chinese consumers amid the robust Chinese economic growth. A number of Western-style franchise chains are increasingly crossing national boundaries and looking for growth among customers in China. In provinces and regions of better economic development and faster lifestyles, quick service restaurants make up a large share of the total food-service sector. Guangdong province can be chosen as a potentially profitable market where the fast-food market contributes about 90% of the total food service sectors revenue. Mad Mex, as a new entrant in the quick service restaurant (QSR) industry, is ambitious to penetrate this promising market with the goal to open the first franchise restaurant in February 2014. Situation analysis: ACMR-IBISWorld (Jan, 2013) estimates that the fast-food restaurant industry in China will generate revenue of $89.60 billion in 2012, up 14.1% from 2011. The pace of urbanization and the higher disposable income urge lifestyle changes and the increase in demand for fast-food. Chinese people have less leisure time to eat in traditional full-service restaurants and prefer to treat themselves in fast-food establishments. Moreover, the rapid development of fast-food service providers and new brands and food styles with improved chain store contribute to the strong growth of the industry in China. The geographic popularity of Chinas fast-food restaurants industry is consistent with Chinas economic development level. Beijing, Shanghai and Guangdong are three of the most developed provinces and regions in China, which account for about 45% of total industry revenue in 2012 (ACMR-IBISWorld, Jan 2013). These regions witness the relatively well developed franchise operation s. Porter’s Five Forces Industry Analysis Figure 1: Forces driving industry competition Source: Porter (1980) â€Å"Industry structure has a strong influence in determining the competitive rules of the game as well as the strategies potentially available to the firm.† (Michael E. Porter 1980, P.3) The Porter’s Five Forces Model introduced a concept of structural analysis as a framework for understanding the five basic competitive forces in an industry. These forces, which are shown in Figure 1- new entrants, rivalry among existing competitors, threat of substitute products or services, bargaining power of buyers, and bargaining power of suppliers, reflect that the competition â€Å"goes well beyond the established players† (Porter 1980, pp. 6). Both potential and established players can influence average industry profitability. The threat of potential entrants is balanced by the entry barriers like economic of scale, product differentiation, capital requirements, access to distribution channel, etc. The intensity of rivalry determines industry attractiveness but figures out the extent to which the value created by an industry will be dissipated through competition. Sharon M. Oster (1999) asserts that subsitute products or services play an uneven role in industry dynamics. They can play a modest role in highly competitive industries or during periods of excess production. But subtitutes become significant when demand rapidly increasing or in markets with few competitors. In these cases, the availability of good substitutes influences the profits of the existing firms in a market. Buyer power is varied across markets and constituted by the most important determinants of buyer power in a market, which are the number of buyers and the distribution of their purchase, characteristics of product (for instance, standardization of products increases buyer power). In an industry, powerful suppliers can affect their bargaining power over firms by controlling prices or qualities of supply. Depending on each industry and the particular conditions of the industry, different forces will be more or less prominent in the industry competition. And the collective strength of these forces determines the intensity of competition in the industry and the potential profitability. â€Å"Knowledge of these underlying sources of competition in an industry highlights the critical strengths and weaknesses of the company, animates its positioning in its industry, clarifies the areas where strategic changes may yield the greatest payoff, and highlights the areas where industry trends promise to hold the greatest significance as either opportunities or threats† (Poeter 1980, pp.4). Once understanding these forces and their strategic implications, the company can formulate an effective competitive stratey, which enables it to defend itself from the existing array of competitive forces, affect them in its favour thereby improves the firm’s position in the market. Porter’s Diamond Model Figure 2: Porter’s Diamond Model The theorical framework, which examines the competitive position of a nation and its industries, consists of four determinants: factor conditions, demand conditions, related and supporting industries and firm strategy and rivalry. According to Porter (1998), factor conditions refer to production endowment that players need to compete in an industry. These factors are discriminated into basic factors versus advanced factors, and generalized factors versus specialized factors. A basic factor is passively inherited, for example natural resources and unskilled labour. Meanwhile advanced factors include what nations can create during their industrial growth like capital, infrastructure and highly educated labour forces. The standard for production factors is gradually rising due to the improvement of knowledge, science and technology. A nation can possess competitive advantage in an industry when it is able to create new competitive factor conditions and/or upgrade the needed factors. Demand conditions refer to the nature of home-market demand for an industry’s product or service considering in terms of quantity and quality. The size of the home market, the presence of demanding and sophisticated domestic buyers pressure companies to innovate and upgrade, meet high standards in order to respond to more diverse and higher levels of customer needs. â€Å"The presence of suppliers and related industries within a nation that are internationally competitive provides benefits such as innovation, upgrading, information flow, and shared technology development which create advantages in downstream industries† (Porter 1998). A nation thereby gains competitive advantage in an industry when it has competititve edge in the number of related industries. Another determinant is firm strategy, structure, and rivalry, referring to firms’ organizational structure, management situations and the performance of competitors in domestic market. The presence of intense rivalry in the home base is important, because it is powerful stimilus to creation and persistence of competitive advantage. Two external factors are chance and governments. Chance can discontinue the possibility of some companies to gain competitive position and some lose. Governments have an overarching effect on all the players. In many industries, government is a buyer/ supplier and can influence the competition of the industry by its policies. Government can also affect the relation between an industry and subsitutes through regulations and other means. They play a role in shaping the context and institutional structure surrounding companies and in creating an environment to support companies to gain competitive advantage. SWOT Analysis Internal analysis: Strength: Mad Mex is known as a gourmet restaurant with a healthy, fresh approach to Mexican cuisine. Its philosophy is to offer food servicing in a fast paced environment to create a high volume takeaway business but a unique and high quality product offer that is sufficient to command a premium price point. This concept will bring it the competitive advantage in food service industry relative to other global QSRs in China at present. By remaining true to the founding principles: Fresh and Healthy, Fast and Delicious, Authentic and Exciting, Mad Mex gradually broadens its business with 15 stores opened in just over four years and makes effort to arm itself with a team of business savvy, hands-on, franchisees. Weakness: Established in 2007, Mad Mex is still a baby to global giant fast-food restaurants like Mc Donald’s or KFC with its limited presence in three states of New South Wales, Victoria and Queensland within Australia. It is regarded as a strange brandname to the worldwide food service industry and particularly the Chinese market. External analysis: Opportunities: Chinese consumers are believed to have a positive image of quick service restaurants (QSRs) and good perception of their meal quality and customer services. The average level of consumer satisfaction yet high loyalty of Chinese customers is attracting to Western fast food restaurants franchise to engage their business in this market. According to a study on International Journal of Quality and Reliability Management regarding perceived service quality in the fast food industry in China, â€Å"reliability, recoverability, tangibles, and responsiveness were all significant dimensions of perceived service quality†( Hong Qin, 2010). As the study mentioned, all these positive perception in turn influenced the customer behavioral intentions in the industry. Despite the increasing customer preference for Western-style â€Å"to-go† restaurants in the Chinese market, the QSRs market share accounts for only 9.8 percent of Chinese sales for outside meals (Datamonito r, 2007). This means the unprecedented opportunity for Western restaurant chains to operate in China. Threats: The segmentation of QSRs in China is witnessing a tougher competition between international brands like MacDonald’s and KFC and myriad domestic companies like Yum!Brand and Ajisen. Besides, Asian QSRs are the largest sub-sector in the QSRs in China, in which Chinese cuisine is dominant. It is explained by the fact that Chinese people prefer their tradition rice-based dishes and their price sensitivity when choosing the lower dishes in the Chinese restaurants. Furthermore, for the first time penetrating foreign market, the inability or unwillingness of the company to face dietary and cultural challenges will lead to the failure in the image of Mad Mex in the global market. To succeed in the Chinese market, Western-style QSRs are required to examine Chinese customer behaviours and develop marketing strategies that adapt to the Chinese cultural environment.